This Day In History : December 29

1937 Ireland {Republic}

Ireland established

Ireland as an independent state, known as the Republic of Ireland, was established on December 29, 1937. This date marks the enactment of the Constitution of Ireland, which replaced the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. It formally declared Ireland as a sovereign, independent republic.

Also on This Day in History December 29

Discover what happened on December 29 with HISTORY's summaries of major events, anniversaries,
famous births and notable deaths.

Births on This Day, December 29
  • 1816 Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig

    German physiologist and biochemist who was one of the creators of modern physiology.

  • 1766 Charles Macintosh

    Scottish chemist and inventor who manufactured rubberized cloth used for waterproof clothing.

  • 1800 Charles Goodyear

    American inventor who baked rubber mixed with sulphur and discovered the vulcanization process which made rubber practical as a commercial product.

  • 1911 Klaus Fuchs

    Emil Klaus Julius Fuchs was a German-British physicist who was convicted as a spy on 1 Mar 1950, for passing nuclear research secrets to Russia.

  • 1905 Henri-Gaston Busignies

    Henri Gaston Busignies was an electrical engineer who made major contributions to radar, radio communication, and radio navigation.

Deaths on This Day, December 29
  • 1960 Frederick Fuller Russell

    American scientist who developed the first successful U.S. typhoid fever vaccine.

  • 1929 Wilhelm Maybach

    German engineer and engine designer, who invented the spray carburettor and was the chief designer of the first Mercedes automobiles (1900-01).

  • 1961 Anton Flettner

    German inventor who produced a practical helicopter for the German navy (1940).

  • 1941 Tullio Levi-Civita

    Italian mathematician who was one of the founders of absolute differential calculus (tensor analysis) which had applications to the theory of relativity.

  • 1731 Brook Taylor

    British mathematician, best known for the Taylor's series, a method for expanding functions into infinite series.

1888

Andromeda photographed

In 1888, the Great Nebula in Andromeda, M31, was photographed by Isaac Roberts, with a 4-hour exposure using a 20-inch aperture reflecting telescope.
1987

Record stay in space

In 1987, cosmonaut Yuri Romanenko return to Earth, ending his record 326-day space flight orbiting Earth in the Mir space station.
1911

Mongolia Declares Independence

Mongolia declared its independence from Qing China on December 29, 1911. This declaration marked a significant moment in Mongolian history, establishing the country's autonomy and sovereignty after centuries of Chinese rule.
1978

Spain's Constitution Goes into Effect

Spain's current constitution went into effect on December 29, 1978. This constitution established Spain as a constitutional monarchy and outlined principles of democracy, fundamental rights, and regional autonomy. It marked a pivotal moment in Spain's transition to democracy following the Francoist dictatorship.
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